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Pronunciation Rules
The Korean letter ㄲ has 3 different pronunciation variants.
kk
/ sky /
any situation except two mentioned below
Korean
바꾸다
꿀
Transcription
[ pa kku da ]
[ kkul ]
English
to change
honey
k
/ cake /
ㄲ is the last letter in a word
Korean
밖
닦다
낚시
Transcription
[ 박 ]
[ 닥따 ]
[ 낙씨 ]
English
outside
to clean
fishing
ng
/ doing /
ㄲ → consonant ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ
Korean
닦는다
Transcription
[ 당는다 ]
English
to clean
The Korean letter ㅆ has 4 different pronunciation variants.
ss
/ face /
ㅆ is the first letter in a word
ㅆ → vowels ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ,
ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅙ, ㅞ, ㅚ
ㅆ → consonant ㅅ
Korean
싸다
글쎄
있습니다
Transcription
[ 싸다 ]
[ 글쎄 ]
[ 이씀니다 ]
English
cheap
well, ...
to have *
* See also How to read ㅂ
sh
/ she /
ㅆ → vowels ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅣ, ㅟ
Korean
아저씨
아가씨
씻다
Transcription
[ a jŏ shi ]
[ a ga shi ]
[ shit tta ]
English
middle-aged man, sir
young lady
to wash *
* See also How to read ㅅ
t
/ tall /
ㅆ → consonant (except ㅅ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ)
Korean
있다
Transcription
[ 읻따 ]
English
to have
n
/ no /
ㅆ → consonant ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ
Korean
있는데요
Transcription
[ 인는데요 ]
English
to have
The Korean letters ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅉ have only one pronunciation variant.
tt
/ stock /
all situations
Korean
땅
이따가
Transcription
[ 땅 ]
[ 이따가 ]
English
land
a little later
pp
/ space /
all situations
Korean
빵
뽑다
Transcription
[ 빵 ]
[ 뽑따 ]
English
bread
to choose, to pull
jj
all situations
Korean
짜다
가짜
Transcription
[ 짜다 ]
[ 가짜 ]
English
salty
fake
Quick reference (click to open)
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j
Syllable: Bra-zil (2 syllables), Ar-gen-ti-na (4), In-di-a (3), Viet-nam (2), thin-king (2), beau-ti-ful (3), good (1)
Batchim: is a final consonant in a syllable. → Bra-zil (batchim: 'l'), Ar-gen-ti-na (batchims: 'r' and 'n'), In-di-a ('n'), Viet-nam ('t', 'm')
Romanization: is a conversion of text (not pronunciation ! ) from different writing system (Korean, Arabic, Russian, etc.) to the Roman (Latin) alphabet.
IPA: is an alphabetic system of phonetic (pronunciation) notation.
Noun: road, user, sister, table, sky
Pronoun: I, my, we, you, they, her
Verb: to go, to study, to think, to feel
Adjective: cold, kind, hungry, curious, expensive
Adverb: quickly, nicely, never, exactly, urgently
Preposition: from, to, on, in, with, till
Conjuction: and, because, if, but, while
Declarative sentence: I learn Korean.
Interrogative sentence: Do you learn Korean?
Imperative sentence: You must learn Korean!
Exclamative sentence: Wow, you learn Korean!
Verb / Adj. stem in Korean: part of a verb or adj. which is left after removing the last syllable -다 ( e.g. 가다 → 가, 예쁘다 → 예쁘, 듣다 → 듣 ).