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Pronunciation Rules

The Korean letter ㄲ has 3 different pronunciation variants.

kk

/ sky /

any situation except two mentioned below

Korean

바꾸다

Transcription

[ pa kku da ]

[ kkul ]

English

to change

honey

k

/ cake /

ㄲ is the last letter in a word

Korean

닦다

낚시

Transcription

[ 박 ]

[ 닥따 ]

[ 낙씨 ]

English

outside

to clean

fishing

ng

/ doing /

ㄲ → consonant ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ

Korean

닦는다

Transcription

[ 당는다 ]

English

to clean

The Korean letter ㅆ has 4 different pronunciation variants.

ss

/ face /

ㅆ is the first letter in a word

ㅆ → vowels ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ,

ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅙ, ㅞ, ㅚ

ㅆ → consonant ㅅ

Korean

싸다

글쎄

있습니다

Transcription

[ 싸다 ]

[ 글쎄 ]

[ 이씀니다 ]

English

cheap

well, ...

to have *

* See also How to read

sh

/ she /

ㅆ → vowels ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅣ, ㅟ

Korean

아저씨

아가씨

씻다

Transcription

[ a jŏ shi ]

[ a ga shi ]

[ shit tta ]

English

middle-aged man, sir

young lady

to wash *

* See also How to read

t

/ tall /

ㅆ → consonant (except ㅅ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ)

Korean

있다

Transcription

[ 읻따 ]

English

to have

n

/ no /

ㅆ → consonant ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ

Korean

있는데요

Transcription

[ 인는데요 ]

English

to have

The Korean letters ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅉ have only one pronunciation variant.

tt

/ stock /

all situations

Korean

이따가

Transcription

[ 땅 ]

[ 이따가 ]

English

land

a little later

pp

/ space /

all situations

Korean

뽑다

Transcription

[ 빵 ]

[ 뽑따 ]

English

bread

to choose, to pull

jj

all situations

Korean

짜다

가짜

Transcription

[ 짜다 ]

[ 가짜 ]

English

salty

fake

Quick reference (click to open)

Vowels: a, e, i, o, u

Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j

Syllable: Bra-zil (2 syllables), Ar-gen-ti-na (4), In-di-a (3), Viet-nam (2), thin-king (2), beau-ti-ful (3), good (1)

Batchim: is a final consonant in a syllable. → Bra-zil (batchim: 'l'), Ar-gen-ti-na (batchims: 'r' and 'n'), In-di-a ('n'), Viet-nam ('t', 'm')

Romanization: is a conversion of text (not pronunciation ! ) from different writing system (Korean, Arabic, Russian, etc.) to the Roman (Latin) alphabet.

IPA: is an alphabetic system of phonetic (pronunciation) notation.

Noun: road, user, sister, table, sky

Pronoun: I, my, we, you, they, her

Verb: to go, to study, to think, to feel

Adjective: cold, kind, hungry, curious, expensive

Adverb: quickly, nicely, never, exactly, urgently

Preposition: from, to, on, in, with, till

Conjuction: and, because, if, but, while

Declarative sentence: I learn Korean.

Interrogative sentence: Do you learn Korean?

Imperative sentence: You must learn Korean!

Exclamative sentence: Wow, you learn Korean!

Verb / Adj. stem in Korean: part of a verb or adj. which is left after removing the last syllable -다 ( e.g. 가다 → 가, 예쁘다 → 예쁘, 듣다 → 듣 ).