Honorific suffix in Korean
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Verb, Adj. + 시 / 으시 + sentence ending, conjunction, etc.
시 - if a word ends in a vowel, 으시 - if ends in a consonant
In the Korean language, -시 / -으시 particles are used to form the polite form of a verb or adjective referring to the actions or characteristics of people who are older than the speaker in age or social status.
If a verb or an adjective stem ends in a vowel or "ㄹ" use -시, and if it ends in a consonant except the letter "ㄹ" use -으시.
-십니다. / -으십니다. are the sentence endings in the formal polite speech style.
-셔요. or -세요. / -으세요. are the sentence endings in the informal polite speech style.
-셔. is the casual speech style sentence ending.
See examples,
(click on translation and grammar buttons)
제 할아버지가 텔레비전을 보십니다. (보셔요. 보세요. 보셔.)
Korean
제
할아버지
텔레비전
보다
English
my
grandfather
TV
to watch, to see, to look
My grandfather is watching TV.
제 할아버지가 텔레비전을 보+시+ㅂ니다. / 어요. / 세요. / 어.
선생님, 너무 착하십니다. (착하셔요. 착하세요. 착하셔.)
Korean
선생님
너무
착하다
English
teacher
very
kind
Teacher, you are very kind.
선생님, 너무 착하+시+ㅂ니다. / 어요. / 세요. / 어.
이 매니저님이 부지런하십니다. (부지런하셔요. 부지런하세요. 부지런하셔.)
Korean
이
매니저
부지런하다
English
Lee
Manager
diligent, hard-working
Manager Lee is hard-working.
이 매니저님+이 부지런하+시+ㅂ니다. / 어요. / 세요. / 어.
Quick reference (click to open)
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j
Syllable: Bra-zil (2 syllables), Ar-gen-ti-na (4), In-di-a (3), Viet-nam (2), thin-king (2), beau-ti-ful (3), good (1)
Batchim: is a final consonant in a syllable. → Bra-zil (batchim: 'l'), Ar-gen-ti-na (batchims: 'r' and 'n'), In-di-a ('n'), Viet-nam ('t', 'm')
Romanization: is a conversion of text (not pronunciation ! ) from different writing system (Korean, Arabic, Russian, etc.) to the Roman (Latin) alphabet.
IPA: is an alphabetic system of phonetic (pronunciation) notation.
Noun: road, user, sister, table, sky
Pronoun: I, my, we, you, they, her
Verb: to go, to study, to think, to feel
Adjective: cold, kind, hungry, curious, expensive
Adverb: quickly, nicely, never, exactly, urgently
Preposition: from, to, on, in, with, till
Conjuction: and, because, if, but, while
Declarative sentence: I learn Korean.
Interrogative sentence: Do you learn Korean?
Imperative sentence: You must learn Korean!
Exclamative sentence: Wow, you learn Korean!
Verb / Adj. stem in Korean: part of a verb or adj. which is left after removing the last syllable -다 ( e.g. 가다 → 가, 예쁘다 → 예쁘, 듣다 → 듣 ).