How to use Korean Grammar V + (으)ㄴ 적(이) 있다/없다
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Verb + ㄴ / 은 적(이) 있다/없다
ㄴ - if a word ends in a vowel or ㄹ, 은 - if it ends in a consonant (except ㄹ)
In the Korean language -ㄴ / -은 적(이) 있다 and -ㄴ / -은 적(이) 없다 are used to describe whether an action or situation has occurred in the past. -ㄴ / -은 적(이) 있다 means "I have an experience in doing something" and -ㄴ / -은 적(이) 없다 means the opposite, "I don't have an experience in doing something". This grammar pattern is used in conjunction with Verb + 아 / 어 / 여 보다.
See examples,
(click on translation and grammar buttons)
저는 유럽에 가 본 적이 있어요.
Korean
저
유럽
가다
있다
English
I
Europe
to go
to have, to stay
I have been to Europe.
저는 유럽에 가+아 보+ㄴ 적+이 있어요.
저는 작년에 아랍어를 배워 본 적이 있어요.
Korean
저
작년
아랍어
배우다
English
I
last year
Arabic language
to learn
I learned Arabic last year. (I had the experience of learning Arabic...)
저는 작년에 아랍어를 배우+어 보+ㄴ 적+이 있어요.
이 노래를 들어 보신 적 있으십니까?
Korean
이
노래
듣다
English
this
song
to listen
Have you ever heard this song?
이 노래를 듣+어 보+시+ㄴ 적 있+으시+ㅂ니까?
저는 돌고래를 본 적 없어요.
Korean
저
돌고래
없다
English
I
dolphin
not to have
I've never seen a dolphin.
저는 돌고래를 보+ㄴ 적 없어요.
우리 선생님은 이 책을 읽어 보신 적 없으세요.
Korean
우리
선생님
책
읽다
English
we, us
teacher
a book
to read
My teacher has never read this book.
우리 선생님은 이 책을 읽+어 보+시+ㄴ 적 없으세요.
Quick reference (click to open)
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j
Syllable: Bra-zil (2 syllables), Ar-gen-ti-na (4), In-di-a (3), Viet-nam (2), thin-king (2), beau-ti-ful (3), good (1)
Batchim: is a final consonant in a syllable. → Bra-zil (batchim: 'l'), Ar-gen-ti-na (batchims: 'r' and 'n'), In-di-a ('n'), Viet-nam ('t', 'm')
Romanization: is a conversion of text (not pronunciation ! ) from different writing system (Korean, Arabic, Russian, etc.) to the Roman (Latin) alphabet.
IPA: is an alphabetic system of phonetic (pronunciation) notation.
Noun: road, user, sister, table, sky
Pronoun: I, my, we, you, they, her
Verb: to go, to study, to think, to feel
Adjective: cold, kind, hungry, curious, expensive
Adverb: quickly, nicely, never, exactly, urgently
Preposition: from, to, on, in, with, till
Conjuction: and, because, if, but, while
Declarative sentence: I learn Korean.
Interrogative sentence: Do you learn Korean?
Imperative sentence: You must learn Korean!
Exclamative sentence: Wow, you learn Korean!
Verb / Adj. stem in Korean: part of a verb or adj. which is left after removing the last syllable -다 ( e.g. 가다 → 가, 예쁘다 → 예쁘, 듣다 → 듣 ).