How to use Korean Grammar V/A + 아/어/여야 하다
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Verb, Adjective + 아야 / 어야 / 여야 하다
The Korean grammar pattern -아 / -어 / -여야 하다 is used to express the need to do something in order to achieve a certain outcome or goal. -아 / -어 / -여야 하다 can be attached directly to a verb or adjective stem as well as the past tense suffixes -았/-었/-였. -아 / -어 / -여야 하다 can be translated as "have to", "must", "need to".
When -아 / -어 / -여야 하다 is attached to the past tense suffixes the entire sentence will have a meaning of regret and can be translated as "should have done".
See Past Tense lesson to learn when you should use -아야, -어야, and -여야.
See examples,
(click on translation and grammar buttons)
저녁을 만들기 전에 식료품을 사야 해요.
Korean
저녁
만들다
식료품
사다
English
dinner
to make
groceries
to buy
I need to buy groceries before I cook dinner.
저녁을 만들기 전+에 식료품을 사+아야 하+여요.
저녁을 만들기 전에 식료품을 샀어야 했어요.
I should have bought groceries before I cooked dinner.
내 조카는 저녁 4시까지 숙제를 끝내야 합니다.
Korean
나
조카
저녁
시
숙제
끝내다
English
I
nephew
evening
hour
homework
to finish
My nephew must finish his homework by 4 p.m.
나+의 조카는 저녁 4시까지 숙제를 끝내+어야 하+ㅂ니다.
내 조카는 저녁 4시까지 숙제를 끝냈어야 했습니다.
My nephew should have finished his homework by 4 p.m.
우리는 오늘 일찍 떠나야 해요.
Korean
우리
오늘
일찍
떠나다
English
we
today
early
to leave, to depart
We need to leave early today.
우리는 오늘 일찍 떠나+아야 하+여요.
우리는 오늘 일찍 떠났어야 했어요.
We should have left early today.
그는 의사의 지시를 따라야 합니다.
Korean
그
의사
지시
따르다
English
he
a doctor
instruction
to follow
He must follow the doctor's instructions.
그는 의사의 지시를 따르+아야 하+ㅂ니다.
그는 의사의 지시를 따랐어야 했습니다.
He should have followed the doctor's instructions.
늘 건강하셔야 합니다.
Korean
늘
건강하다
English
always
to be healty
You should always be healty.
늘 건강하+시+어야 하+ㅂ니다.
Quick reference (click to open)
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j
Syllable: Bra-zil (2 syllables), Ar-gen-ti-na (4), In-di-a (3), Viet-nam (2), thin-king (2), beau-ti-ful (3), good (1)
Batchim: is a final consonant in a syllable. → Bra-zil (batchim: 'l'), Ar-gen-ti-na (batchims: 'r' and 'n'), In-di-a ('n'), Viet-nam ('t', 'm')
Romanization: is a conversion of text (not pronunciation ! ) from different writing system (Korean, Arabic, Russian, etc.) to the Roman (Latin) alphabet.
IPA: is an alphabetic system of phonetic (pronunciation) notation.
Noun: road, user, sister, table, sky
Pronoun: I, my, we, you, they, her
Verb: to go, to study, to think, to feel
Adjective: cold, kind, hungry, curious, expensive
Adverb: quickly, nicely, never, exactly, urgently
Preposition: from, to, on, in, with, till
Conjuction: and, because, if, but, while
Declarative sentence: I learn Korean.
Interrogative sentence: Do you learn Korean?
Imperative sentence: You must learn Korean!
Exclamative sentence: Wow, you learn Korean!
Verb / Adj. stem in Korean: part of a verb or adj. which is left after removing the last syllable -다 ( e.g. 가다 → 가, 예쁘다 → 예쁘, 듣다 → 듣 ).